• We have expressed the ECDs of

  2024-03-15

  

  We have expressed the ECDs of the human α1, β1, γ and ɛ AChR subunits in the past using the methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris as soluble glycosylated proteins [15], [16]. Further work with the γ subunit ECD revealed a marked improvement of the solubility and yield following the mutation of hydroph

• The zebrafish Danio rerio is a popular model

  2024-03-15

  

  The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular model organism for virtually any biological function of vertebrates, and has, therefore, received a wide distribution in particular in developmental biology and toxicology (Strähle et al., 2012). With respect to AChE, the zebrafish has, e.g., been identified

• Finasteride has been shown to be a mechanism

  2024-03-15

  

  Finasteride has been shown to be a mechanism-based inhibitor of 5AR-2 [9]. Finasteride acts as an alternate substrate for 5AR-2 and is initially bound in an extremely stable enzyme-bound NADP-dihydrofinasteride adduct which is ultimately processed to dihydrofinasteride. The NADP-dihydrofinasteride a

• br The Molecular Machinery of Autophagy and

  2024-03-15

  

  The Molecular Machinery of Autophagy and Regulation by Sphingolipids Sphingolipid-Mediated Autophagy in Cancer: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved stress response that typically promotes survival and antagonizes apoptosis. However, excessive autophagy was found to

• br Introduction The process of mitosis is highly complex and

  2024-03-15

  

  Introduction The process of mitosis is highly complex and tightly regulated. This phase of the STF-62247 mg resulted in two identical daughter cells. The aurora kinases (aurora A, B, and C) are a family of three highly homologous serine-threonine protein kinases that play a key role in regulati

• 1 98 br Experimental Procedures Additional information can b

  2024-03-15

  

  Experimental Procedures Additional information can be found in Supplemental Experimental Procedures. Author Contributions Acknowledgments We thank all members of Lab of Health Chemistry for helpful discussions. This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) from

• br Experimental section br Acknowledgements This work was fu

  2024-03-14

  

  Experimental section Acknowledgements This work was funded by the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC IG18590 to A.A.), by “Fondi di Ateneo-University of Pisa” years 2009 and 2010 (E. N., S. N., E. O., and A. R.) and partially by the Unipi project P.R.A.2016_27 (E. N., E.O. and A. R.

• Incubation of the aortic segments of rats with

  2024-03-14

  

  Incubation of the aortic segments of rats with indomethacin significantly decreased the vasoconstrictor response to Phe but only in HgCl2-treated group (Fig. 9A,B), as indicated by dAUC values (Fig. 9E). Co-treatment with losartan once again proved to be effective and prevented the increased partici

• A number of interesting anti inflammatory molecules have als

  2024-03-14

  

  A number of interesting anti-inflammatory molecules have also been identified that are derived from AA or ω−3 fatty acids, including the lipoxins (for “lipoxygenase interaction products”), resolvins, and protectins [18], [19] (Fig. 1). The lipoxins are synthesized from AA by 5-, 12-, and 15-LOX, as

• It has been reported that NLRP product

  2024-03-14

  

  It has been reported that NLRP3 product, caspase-1, is increased in the brains of AD patients and experimental AD animals. NLRP3- and caspase-1-deficient animals are resistant to experimental development of AD, and have decreased IL-1β production and significantly increased Aβ clearance (Heneka et a

• AhR is also known to cross talk with a variety

  2024-03-14

  

  AhR is also known to “cross-talk” with a variety of other cell signaling pathways, which has been the focus of a number of recent reviews [40], [41], [42]. It has long been known that TCDD is anti-estrogenic. For example, activation of AhR by TCDD and related HAHs inhibits estrogen dependent uterus

• An alternative approach to the administration of ADO agonist

  2024-03-14

  

  An alternative approach to the administration of ADO agonists is to amplify the actions of endogenous ADO by inhibiting the ADO-metabolizing enzyme, ADO kinase (AK). Inhibition of AK has the net effect of potentiating the local concentration and the effects of ADO in the extracellular compartment. T

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Autoantibodies directed

  2024-03-14

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Autoantibodies directed at neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels are pathogenic and/or biomarkers in several autoimmune neurological diseases [1]. For example, autoantibodies directed against voltage-gated potassium channels, the P/Q-type (α1A) voltage-gated

• br Thymic expression of AChR Both linear unfolded epitopes o

  2024-03-14

  

  Thymic expression of AChR Both linear unfolded epitopes of AChR subunits and the intact AChR are avidly expressed in thymus, particularly by thymic epithelial cells and myoid cells [17], [18], [19]. AChR-antibody positive MG patients often show thymic hyperplasia, characterized by lymphoid follic

• Concerning asthma in a study evaluating

  2024-03-14

  

  Concerning asthma, in a study evaluating the effect of tiotropium in severe asthma, the sputum eosinophil count and exhaled nitric oxide were also assessed. However, evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of tiotropium was difficult because these markers were low at baseline and thereafter. In a

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