• br Concluding remarks Autophagy ensures cell homeostasis

  2023-07-31

  

  Concluding remarks Autophagy ensures cell homeostasis and survival through the continuous degradation/recycling of intracellular components. It can also represent a conserved, cell-intrinsic, defense mechanism against invading pathogens, including viruses. The autophagy process can be activated r

• Based on currently available knowledge autophagy supports ad

  2023-07-31

  

  Based on currently available knowledge, autophagy supports adipocytes development and differentiation. In animals with specific skeletal muscle PLX7904 receptor of Atg7, reduced adipogenesis was shown. In rodents, autophagy was decreased in adipose tissue of animals fed with high-fat diet (HFD). In

• The overall mechanism of the Cdc

  2023-07-31

  

  The overall mechanism of the Cdc48 complex resembles that of the 19S regulatory subunit of the proteasome, which also uses receptor proteins to bind polyubiquitin chains attached to a substrate and employs a translocation mechanism (for review, see Kish-Trier and Hill, 2013). As with Cdc48, full sub

• Introduction The MMR system keeps the fidelity

  2023-07-31

  

  Introduction The MMR system keeps the fidelity of replication by repairing replication errors such as base-base mispairs and insertions/deletions. It plays a substantial role in restoring the fidelity of DNA and contributing to genome integrity [1]. The components of MMR are conserved in a broad ra

• An alternative more rarely used electron microscopy based

  2023-07-31

  

  An alternative, more rarely used, electron microscopy-based approach exploits labeling of phagosomes with DAMP (3-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-30-amino-N-methyldipropylamine). DAMP is a weakly basic compound which is membrane-impermeable once it has been protonated. This way, DAMPH+ accumulates in acidic in

• br The role of LOX

  2023-07-31

  

  The role of 12/15-LOX plays in autophagy Autophagy is a process by which cellular material is delivered to lysosomal to degrade the damaged organelles and proteins to facilitate nutrient recycling (Towers and Thorburn, 2016). There has been characterized three types of autophagy-macroautophagy, m

• A large number of studies have shown that oxidative stress

  2023-07-31

  

  A large number of studies have shown that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiological process of ventricular remodeling and is associated with left ventricular dysfunction (Hori and Nishida, 2009, Lord et al., 2010). The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exceeds anti-oxidat

• br Acknowledgements This study was funded

  2023-07-31

  

  Acknowledgements This study was funded the Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine through the research program FIRM/RSF/CoFoRD (Reference: 13 F 462). The authors declare no conflict of interest. Introduction Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the major treatment methods among patients

• Overall we found maternal antibiotics to be associated with

  2023-07-31

  

  Overall, we found maternal (S)-(+)-Dimethindene maleate mg to be associated with improved outcomes. In these multiple logistic regression models, high postnatal empiric infant antibiotic exposure was not significantly associated with risk for NEC or LOS. However, consistent with previous studies,5,

• br Concluding Remarks Despite major advances in the developm

  2023-07-31

  

  Concluding Remarks Despite major advances in the development of antibody and small-molecule tumor angiogenesis inhibitors, therapy resistance, both innate and acquired, continues to limit further survival improvements for patients with cancer. Preclinical models of localized primary tumors and me

• br Experimental section br Acknowledgements This

  2023-07-31

  

  Experimental section Acknowledgements This work was funded by the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC IG18590 to A.A.), by “Fondi di Ateneo-University of Pisa” years 2009 and 2010 (E. N., S. N., E. O., and A. R.) and partially by the Unipi project P.R.A.2016_27 (E. N., E.O. and A. R.

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2023-07-31

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The transcriptional activity of PGC-1α is regulated by a number of stimuli, exemplifying the range of settings in which mitochondrial biogenesis is induced. The mechanisms governing this regulation have been extensively studied and have been determin

• Interestingly we noticed that LPS exposure was associated wi

  2023-07-31

  

  Interestingly, we noticed that LPS exposure was associated with decreased phosphorylation of AMPK and increased phosphorylation of p70S6K1, suggesting that AMPK inactivation and the subsequent mTOR activation might be involved in the development of LPS-induced inflammation. On the other side, treatm

• br Introduction AMP activated protein kinase AMPK has been

  2023-07-31

  

  Introduction AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been found to be a key character against cardiovascular diseases and cellular stress. When activated by certain stress, AMPK regulates sugars and fatty acids that are good or detrimental to the heart. For example, targeting AMPK phosphorylation

• br Results br Discussion By using

  2023-07-31

  

  Results Discussion By using an unbiased proteomic screen for xCT binding partners, followed by functional validation, we have made the surprising discovery that mTORC2 regulates amino Conessine sale metabolism in tumor cells by phosphorylating serine 26 of the cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT

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