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br Restenosis after angioplasty remains a
2021-06-04
Restenosis after angioplasty remains a remarkable challenge, although drug-eluting stents have reduced the incidence of restenosis considerably . Vascular smooth muscle artesunate (VSMCs) play a pivotal role in the development of intimal thickening and restenosis. VSMCs proliferate and migrate fr
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Salmeterol xinafoate synthesis DPP is show two relevant bene
2021-06-04
DPP-4is show two relevant benefits in the clinical management of type 2 diabetic patients: negligible risk of severe hypoglycemia, particularly when compared with sulphonylureas [[33], [34]], and weight neutrality, in contrast with the weight gain generally observed with insulin therapy, sulfonylure
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Another important mediator in fear learning is the neuropept
2021-06-03
Another important mediator in fear learning is the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). For example, local repeated administration of CRF into the basolateral amygdala potentiates the acquisition of cue-conditioned fear (Bijlsma et al., 2011) and CRF1 receptor antagonists effectively b
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The significant CRF increase in the
2021-06-03
The significant CRF increase in the DS and the overall changes in the CRF system observed in the VM and DS during the development of sensitization suggest that this neuropeptide (and possibly urocortin) contributes to the specific molecular alterations occurring in the mesolimbic pathway that suppor
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The availabilities of serotonin and
2021-06-03
The availabilities of serotonin and dopamine are modulated by the serotonin transporter and catechol-O-methyltransferase enzyme. The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is a key protein that reuptakes serotonin from the synaptic cleft back into synaptic boutons (Coleman et al., 2016; Talvenheimo et al., 1
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Another interesting finding regarding substrate selectivity
2021-06-03
Another interesting finding regarding substrate selectivity of iPLA2-VIA in whole cellular systems stems from the observation that some of the major species hydrolyzed by the enzyme contain a 16:1 fatty 90 at the sn-2 position [57,119], raising the possibility that iPLA2-VIA may constitute a major
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Oxytocin During the course of enzymatic digestion
2021-06-03
During the course of enzymatic digestion, protein is digested into large peptides and these large peptides are then further digested into small fragments. αs1-Casein f15–39, which contains 25 amino Oxytocin residues was the longest iTRAQ-labelled peptide identified in the samples digested with GE a
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In mammals neutrophil elastase is a trypsin like serine prot
2021-06-03
In mammals, neutrophil elastase is a trypsin-like serine protease stored in the azurophilic granules of naïve neutrophils [15], [16]. The catalytic activity of neutrophil elastase relies on a His57–Asp102–Ser195 triad (chymotrypsin numbering system) that functions by transfer of electrons from the c
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The generation of ROS in addition to eliciting oxidative str
2021-06-03
The generation of ROS, in addition to eliciting oxidative stress, is an important proapoptotic signal (Ott et al., 2007). Apoptosis is clearly associated with the production of ROS, since ROS generation occurs in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and disturbs mitochondrial homeostasis, which plays
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ICT is a product of
2021-06-03
ICT is a product of icariin via the metabolism of intestinal bacteria with estrogen-like activities [33]. ICT as a bone-protecting agent can enhance osteoblast differentiation while suppressing osteoclastic differentiation in vitro [19], and stimulate osteogenic differentiation and inhibit adipogene
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The first hint that GLP
2021-06-03
The first hint that GLP-1 might not be completely stable came from a meeting abstract in 1992, reporting that GLP-1 could be degraded in plasma incubations [16], although the enzyme(s) involved was not identified. A year later, Mentlein and colleagues [17], in a search for peptide substrates of the
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Reports on the participation of NDH along
2021-06-02
Reports on the participation of NDH2 along with other respiratory complexes in the formation of a large supercomplex (Grandier-Vazeille et al. 2001) or even a respirosome-like structure in S. cerevisiae mitochondria (Matus-Ortega et al. 2015) are very intriguing. Similarly, in Y. lypolytica mitochon
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Midazolam oral clearance is used
2021-06-02
Midazolam oral clearance is used for characterization of both intestinal and hepatic CYP3A activity. However, the identification and subsequent use of metabolic markers of CYP3A activity can eliminate the need for unnecessary administration of probe drugs such as midazolam. Such metabolic markers wo
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br Acknowledgement br Introduction Recent
2021-06-02
Acknowledgement Introduction Recent developments in cancer immunotherapies have demonstrated durable responses, suggesting that effective immunotherapy would hold promise to improve patient outcome (Gunturu et al., 2013; Hodi et al., 2003; Lutz et al., 2011; Ribas et al., 2009). However, attem
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Our results show that COX and
2021-06-02
Our results show that COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition improve cognitive performance and decrease the neuronal insult during HH. However, when a neuroinflammatory response was observed, COX-1 inhibition was more effective than COX-2 inhibition at reducing microglial activation and augmenting pro-inflammat
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