• The two SNPs rs rs presented above are

  2019-09-17

  

  The two SNPs rs4818-rs4680 presented above are part of the haploblock (rs6269, rs4633, rs4818, rs4680) presenting the 3 major haplotypes which influence the enzymatic activity of COMT. This activity is inversely related to the sensitivity of pain in a chronic pain syndrome; so the haplotype (GCGG) h

• Which other approaches can complement signaling optogenetics

  2019-09-16

  

  Which other approaches can complement signaling optogenetics to paint a more complete picture of developmental Erk signaling? For now, the authors have dynamically manipulated Erk signaling but measured the Erk output at steady-state using classic immunofluorescence techniques (Johnson and Toettcher

• Like all other cellular processes ubiquitination is also tig

  2019-09-16

  

  Like all other cellular processes, ubiquitination is also tightly regulated; more so, as myriads of pathways are controlled via this conjugation and dysregulation of ubiquitination has been implicated in various diseases including cancer [16], [17]. Quite a few of such regulatory mechanisms that con

• The findings of Qiu et al represent the first instance

  2019-09-16

  

  The findings of Qiu et al. (2016) represent the first instance of a Ub-specific mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, as well as the first documentation of E1/E2 independent ubiquitination. Post-translational modification of Ub certainly adds layers of complexity to our understanding of the Ub signal and sho

• Tailoring pharmacological treatment to the genetic backgroun

  2019-09-16

  

  Tailoring pharmacological treatment to the genetic background of a person can enhance therapeutic response (), increase compliance (), and decrease drug toxicity (, , ). Because cocaine addiction has a strong genetic basis, with the vulnerability to develop an addiction estimated to be as high as 7

• Lately using receptor TM peptides BiFC and PLA experiments

  2019-09-16

  

  Lately, using receptor TM peptides, BiFC and PLA experiments, we have also obtained experimental evidence for the tetrameric structure of A1R–D1R, which explains the canonical interaction on Gi and Gs, respectively (Fig. 2). We have demonstrated for the first time the presence of this heterotetramer

• The first ones class A receptors found

  2019-09-16

  

  The first ones class A receptors found as heterodimers were reported by Gomes et al. (2000), who identified a heteromer constituted by two subtypes of opioid receptors (μ and δ) in heterologous cells. The same year, Ginés et al. (2000) showed the first heteromer composed of two different receptors,

• Abiraterone The other interesting observation made during th

  2019-09-16

  

  The other interesting observation made during this study relates to the differences between the discrete IR-induced γH2AX foci and the robust H2AX phosphorylation observed during apoptotic DNA fragmentation. The pattern of H2AX phosphorylation observed during DNA fragmentation possibly reflects the

• An AmDH is engineered by mutating two conserved amino acid

  2019-09-16

  

  An AmDH is engineered by mutating two conserved amino px12 and residues in the active site of an amino acid dehydrogenase (AADH). Starting from the leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH) from Bacillus stearothermophilus, substituting a serine and leucine at the K68 and N261 positions, respectively, resulted

• The discoidin domain receptors DDR

  2019-09-16

  

  The discoidin domain receptors, DDR1 and DDR2, are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that are stimulated by collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Unlike most other RTKs, they form ligand-independent stable dimers that are non-covalently linked. This ECM activation induces receptor phosphorylati

• LTD and LTC cause contraction in

  2019-09-16

  

  LTD4 and LTC4 cause contraction in the rat stomach and these contractions are sensitive to CysLT1 receptor antagonists (Goldenberg and Subers, 1983, Miura et al., 1992, Miyata et al., 1995). However, effects of other leukotrienes in the gastric contraction and inhibitory effects of potent, selective

• br Acknowledgments Denise Fernandes acknowledges a postdoc f

  2019-09-12

  

  Acknowledgments Denise Fernandes acknowledges a postdoc fellowship (SFRH/BPD/34289/2006) from the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Portugal. This work was supported by the Spanish National Plan for Research (Project Ref. CGL2011-24

• At the therapeutic level the logical approach to

  2019-09-12

  

  At the therapeutic level, the logical approach to address the cooperation between FGFR4 and EGFR was the combined inhibition of both receptors. To explore the potential efficacy and specificity of this approach, we tested the effect of FGFR and EGFR inhibitors in monotherapy or in combination in syn

• OHC is a potent regulator of LXR mediated pathways that

  2019-09-12

  

  25-OHC is a potent regulator of LXR-mediated pathways, that impact on hippo signaling pathway lipid homeostasis [8]. This oxysterol affects expression of the cholesterol efflux pumps ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC)A1 [9] and ABCG1, and expression of apolipoprotein E [10], [11], [12]. 25-OHC

• br Conclusions When the authors joined the field of oxystero

  2019-09-12

  

  Conclusions When the authors joined the field of oxysterol analysis around the turn of the century, oxysterols and cholestenoic acids were mostly considered as uninteresting intermediates of cholesterol metabolism. Some oxysterols had been shown to have biological activity, but the most studied o

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